2.2. Anthropometric and vital signs measurements

Anthropometric measurements were recorded, including body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC). Height and weight measurements were conducted using calibrated scales and fixed height bars while participants wore light clothing and were barefoot. The waist circumference was measured using a tension tape at the iliac crest and mid-axillary line after a normal exhalation with relaxed arms. BMI was calculated using the standard formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Blood pressure was measured with an Omron HEM-907XL Digital sphygmomanometer, taking three separate readings with 5–10 minute rests between them and the final values were averaged from these readings.