Acute severity of traumatic distress at baseline (2 to 4 weeks posttrauma) was measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (50), a validated self-report measure that captures acute symptoms. Participants rated how much they were bothered by the symptoms described in each of the 20 items using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = “not at all” to 5 = “extremely”). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 has been shown to have strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.94 to 0.95) (51), which was observed in the current sample (alpha = 0.95).
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