2.2. Data sources

The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019) estimated the health losses caused by diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 204 countries and regions (14). Detailed information has been previously published (15). To explore the current status and temporal trends of IHD in WCBA, we extracted estimates and 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) for IHD prevalence and death numbers across seven age groups (from 15 to 49 years) at the global level, five SDI regions, and 204 countries and territories from GBD 2019. The definition of IHD in this study used the codes from the ninth and tenth editions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10). Specifically, ICD-9 codes for IHD range from 410 to 414.9 and include V17.3, while ICD-10 codes span I20 to I21.6, I21.9 to I25.9, and Z82.4 to Z82.49 (1). Further details regarding the GBD 2019 data sources are elaborated in the Supplementary Methods.