2.3. MRI data acquisition

Participants underwent structural and functional MRI scanning before surgeries. MRI data were collected using a Skyra 3.0T MRI scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with a 32‐channel head coil at the FAH‐FMU. High‐resolution T1‐weighted (T1w) anatomical images were acquired using an MPRAGE 3D T1w sequence (TR = 2300 ms, TE = 3.09 ms, flip angle = 9°, FOV = 256 × 256, 256 × 256 matrix, 192 sagittal slices, and voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm³). Additionally, high‐resolution T2w images were acquired using the 3D T2w fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequence (TR = 5000 ms, TE = 387 ms, FOV = 230 × 230, 230 × 230 matrix, 192 sagittal slices, and voxel size = 1 × 1 × 0.9 mm³). Rs‐fMRI was acquired with an echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence (TR = 3000 ms, TE = 30 ms, flip angle = 90°, FOV = 240 × 240, 80 × 80 matrix, 50 slices, voxel size = 3 × 3 × 3.4 mm³). Participants were required to keep their bodies and heads still, eyes closed, and not to fall asleep during the entire scanning. To ensure a sufficient data amount of rs‐fMRI for reliable personalized functional mapping, each rs‐fMRI session included three repeated runs (29 min 33 s in total) for each participant. All patients underwent a post‐operative MRI session a week after surgeries. The session included T1w and T2w FLAIR scans to identify lesion locations.