The original scale was developed by Mishel [25] in 1983, with 31 entries. It was revised into a Chinese version by McCarthy et al. [26] in 2014, and the revised scale has a Cronbach’s coefficient of 0.844 and a content validity of 0.928, which has good reliability and validity. The revised scale has 28 entries, including four dimensions of ambiguity, complexity, lack of information, and unpredictability. The scale was scored on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5 for “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”, with 9 items being reverse scored, and a total score of 28 to 140, with higher scores indicating greater uncertainty.
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