Kidney-to-body weight ratio serves as a quantitative indicator of renal hypertrophy and can also provide an indirect assessment of the extent of renal fibrosis. Following anesthesia, the rats were weighed to determine their body mass. Subsequently, the right kidneys were excised, rinsed in 4°C saline solution, and then blotted dry using filter paper to remove any surface moisture. The mass of the right kidney was then weighed, and the renal index was calculated using the formula: Renal Index = (kidney mass (g) / rat body mass (g))× 100%.
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