Anthropometric Measurements

Waist and hip girth measurements were performed as per published protocol,¹² using a Lufkin W606PM Tape (Apex Tool Group, Sparks, MD). If the 2 measures were within 5%, the mean of the 2 was recorded, and if ≥5%, a third measurement was taken, and the median value recorded. Bodyweight was measured using electronic scales (Seca 770, Seca Limited, Birmingham, UK) and height was obtained using a wallchart. Both height and weight measures were taken twice and, if within 1% the mean was recorded, and if ≥1%, a third measure was taken with the median value recorded.