For patients who had curative resection through ESD, follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with iodine staining was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation. Thereafter, it was performed every 6 months for 2 years, and on a yearly basis subsequently. For Lugol-voiding lesions, pathologic evaluation was performed through a biopsy. Chest and abdomen CT was performed 6 and 12 months after the operation. Moreover, PET-CT was performed at 12-month intervals.
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