Soil pH was measured at a water/soil ratio of 2.5:1 using a pH meter (Mettler Toledo FE28-Standard, Switzerland). The total SOC content was determined by the H2SO4–K2Cr2O7 external heating method. Available N was determined by the alkali diffusion method. Soil available P was determined by spectrophotometry (Shimadzu UV-1780, Japan) (Shao et al., 2019). Available K was determined by flame photometry (Chen et al., 2021). Soil moisture content was measured by the drying method. Soil total C and total N was determined by an elemental analyzer (Euro EA3000, Italy).
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