Sapwood of spruce wood (Picea abies) from Switzerland was used. For wood functionalization, succinic anhydride and acetone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Pyridine (anhydrous grade) was obtained from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Tip functionalization required 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (HOOC(CH2)10SH, ≥ 95%, Sigma-Aldrich), 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (OH(CH2)11SH, ≥ 97%, Sigma-Aldrich) and ethanol (HPLC grade, ≥ 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich). Buffer preparation in the pH range from pH 2 to pH 12 required water (HPLC plus grade, Sigma Aldrich), monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4 anhydrous, ≥ 99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85wt%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na2HPO4*2H2O, ≥ 99.5%, Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany) and trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4*12H2O, ≥ 98%, Sigma-Aldrich).
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