Collagen was extracted from ~ 1 g of bone from the right patella and mandible of Yingpan Man at the Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, following the protocol outlined in Richards & Hedges (1999)89, with the addition of ultrafiltration prior to lyophilisation90. In addition, to create an isotopic baseline for the diet of Yingpan Man, collagen was extracted from the cranium of a goat (from 99BYYM7, see Fig. S3f) and a rib sample from a sheep (from 99BYYM8, see Fig. S3e) that were recovered from different burials in the Yingpan cemetery, following the same protocol as above.
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