Total RNA from tissues and cells lines was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) and NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, USA) was conducted to accomplish RNA quantity control and concentration detection. RNase R (Epicentre Biotechnologies, USA) experiment (15U) was applied on total RNA (5 ug) for 15 min at 37 °C. Transcription Kit (TaKaRa, RR036A, Japan) was then utilized to reverse the RNAs into cDNA and subsequently applied qRT-PCR on the LightCycler480II (Switzerland) to estimate the expression of mRNA or miRNA. MRNA results were normalized to the expression of GAPDH, while miRNA normalized to U6, and both were calculated to fold changes using 2(−ΔΔCT). The primers involved in this study were listed in Supplementary Table 3.
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