RNA Extraction, cDNA Synthesis, and qPCR

Isolated tumor cells or trypsinized cancer cell lines were washed with PBS, and total RNA was extracted from cell pellets by using the miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). cDNAs were generated by using the SuperScript IV First Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen). qRT-PCR was performed with Fast SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), following the manufacturer’s protocol, in 384-well format in a C1000 Touch Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad). Differential gene-expression analysis was performed with CFX Manager (Bio-Rad) and normalized to GAPDH expression. Primers used are listed in Supplementary Table S6. Raw C_t values for qPCR are provided in Supplementary Table S7.