Statistical Analysis

Continuous statistics were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or medians (25th–75th centiles). Categorical data were described by frequencies. Differences in continuous statistics between groups were compared using Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, while the χ²-test was used for comparing categorical data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to identify the power of C1q to distinguish TPE and non-TPE cases, and results were presented as area under the Curve (AUC) (Hanley and McNeil, 1982; Zweig and Campbell, 1993). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and MedCalc software, and statistical significance was present when P < 0.05.