Baseline examination

AI Alessandro Invernizzi
MS Marco Schiuma
SP Salvatore Parrulli
AT Alessandro Torre
FZ Federico Zicarelli
VC Valeria Colombo
SM Sara Marini
EV Elena Villella
AB Alice Bertoni
SA Spinello Antinori
GR Giuliano Rizzardini
MG Massimo Galli
LM Luca Meroni
AG Andrea Giacomelli
GS Giovanni Staurenghi
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Information regarding the age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of comorbidities (systemic hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, history of coronary disease/stroke, tuberculosis and HIV infection) were collected in all enrolled subjects. Comorbidities were considered as binary variables (YES/NO) without further characterization6.

Clinical information and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients were also collected. A Complete list can be found in the first report of the study6.

Patients were classified as having severe COVID-19 if they had any of the following: hypoxia (oxygen saturation ≤ 93 percent on room air or PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg), tachypnoea (respiratory rate > 30 breaths per minute) or respiratory distress, more than 50 percent involvement of the lung parenchyma on chest imaging6. The remaining patients were classified as non-severe13.

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