Prokaryotes

[Abstract] ATPases represent a diverse class of enzymes that utilize ATP hydrolysis to support critical biological functions such as driving ion pumps, providing mechanical work, unfolding/folding proteins, and supporting otherwise thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions. We have recently shown that the Shigella protein Spa47 is an ATPase ...

[Abstract] Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes gastroenteritis and shigellosis in humans. In order to establish and maintain an infection, S. flexneri utilises a type three secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence factors called effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells, ...

[Abstract] Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, are able to translocate bacterial proteins, dubbed effectors, across the host cell plasma membrane into the host cell cytosol using a syringe-like structure, the type three secretion apparatus (T3SA). While some bacteria use their T3SA to modulate their phagosomal ...

[Abstract] Gram negative bacterial pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri, which possess a Type Three Secretion System (T3SS), are able to transfer bacterial proteins, dubbed translocators and effectors, from their cytoplasm into the cytoplasm of their host cells using a syringe like needle complex. For Shigella, it has been shown that during ...

[Abstract] Shigella uses a type III secretion system to invade host cell and to cause disease. Secretion control and insertion of a translocation pore into cell membrane are critical steps for pathogenesis and are tightly linked to the formation of the needle tip complex formed by the IpaB and IpaD proteins (Veenendaal et al., 2007). ...