# Also in the Article

Overlap with fishing effort

Procedure

To investigate how the distributions of pelagic predators interact with spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial fishing fleets, we calculated the monthly relative overlap between fishing effort and species’ core habitats in 2015–2017. For each grid cell, we summed the fishing hours of all vessels with primary gear types that capture a particular study species within a given year (table S1). To facilitate comparisons among months and different species, we then converted fishing hour sums and a given species’ predicted distributions into probabilities that are relative to all other grid cells in all other months within that year for that species (28, 46). To calculate the probability that vessels and animals overlap in space and time (relative to their likelihood of overlapping in all other cells and months within that year), we applied the following equations modified from (28, 46), where i is an individual grid cell, n is the total number of all cells, and t is 1 month$Prel(species)it=densityit∑i=1n∑t=112densityit$(1)$Prel(fishing)it=effortit∑i=1n∑t=112effortit$(2)$Prel(overlap)it=Prel(species)it×Prel(fishing)it∑i=1n∑t=112(Prel(species)it×Prel(fishing)it)$(3)

We then averaged these standardized results across years to calculate species’ mean predicted overlap throughout the study period.

We allocated core area/vessel overlap to an EEZ within our study region or to the high seas. To assess how overlap was distributed across waters of national jurisdictions and the high seas, we calculated the relative proportions of overlap grid cells that fell either within a national EEZ or in the high seas. In addition, as AIS transmissions include a vessel’s reported flag state and the majority of vessels were matched to registries with known flag states, we gridded high seas fishing effort by nation and calculated the relative proportions of overlapped cells attributed to national fishing fleets.

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