Home About Us For Authors Submit Protocol Archive

Microbiology

Latest Protocol Video

Subcellular Fractionation of Hela Cells for Lysosome Enrichment Using a Continuous Percoll-density Gradient

Categories

Protocols in Current Issue

By Date By View

Production of Quantum Dots-containing Influenza Virus Particles for Studying Viral Uncoating Processes

Authors: Chong Qin, Xiaowei Zhang and Zongqiang Cui, date: 09/20/2019, view: 30, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The genome of influenza A virus (IAV) comprises eight pinlike genomic segments called vRNPs enclosed in viral capsid. During infection, uncoating is the key step for viral replication and represents an antiviral therapeutic target, but it is difficult to observe the transient and dynamic event in detail. Here, we report a protocol for production ...

Visualizing Hypoxia in a Murine Model of Candida albicans Infection Using in vivo Biofluorencence

Authors: José Pedro Lopes and Constantin F. Urban, date: 08/05/2019, view: 440, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Candida albicans is a leading human fungal pathogen that uses several metabolic adaptations to escape immune cells and causes systemic disease. Here, we describe a protocol for measuring one of these adaptations, the ability to thrive in hypoxic niches. Hypoxia was generated after successful subdermal infection with C. albicans ...

Image-based Quantification of Direct Cell-to-cell Transmission of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Authors: Fernando Merwaiss and Diego E. Alvarez, date: 08/05/2019, view: 292, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Different viruses rely on direct cell-to-cell transmission to propagate infection within the infected host. Measuring this mode of transmission in cultured cells is often complicated by the contribution of cell free viruses to spread, and the difficulty to distinguish between primary infected cells that produce the virus and neighboring cells that ...

Endocytosis Detection in Magnaporthe oryzae

Authors: Muxing Liu and Zhengguang Zhang, date: 08/05/2019, view: 289, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Endocytosis is an intracellular trafficking pathway that occurs in nutrient uptake, signal transduction and reconstruction of cell polarity and is conserved in eukaryotic cells. In fungi, endocytosis plays crucial roles in the physiology of hyphal growth and pathogenicity. vidence for endocytosis in filamentous fungi is detected by the ...

Quantification of Blumenol Derivatives as Leaf Biomarkers for Plant-AMF Association

Authors: Elisabeth Mindt, Ming Wang, Martin Schäfer, Rayko Halitschke and Ian T. Baldwin, date: 07/20/2019, view: 747, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Symbiotic interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants are widespread among land plants and can be beneficial for both partners. The plant is provided with mineral nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, whereas it provides carbon resources for the fungus in return. Due to the large economic and environmental impact, ...

Isolation of Powdery Mildew Haustoria from Infected Barley

Authors: Linhan Li, Benjamin Collier and Pietro D. Spanu, date: 07/20/2019, view: 745, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Blumeria graminis is a fungus that causes powdery mildews on grasses, such as barley. Investigations of this pathogen present many challenges due to its obligate biotrophic nature. This means that the fungus can only grow in the presence of a living host plant. B. graminis forms epiphytic mycelia on the plant surface and feeding ...

Plaque Assay to Determine Invasion and Intercellular Dissemination of Shigella flexneri in TC7 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Authors: Atin Sharma and Andrea Puhar, date: 07/05/2019, view: 541, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Shigella flexneri invades the epithelial cells lining the gut lumen and replicates intracellularly. The specialized Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and its effector proteins, encoded on a large virulence plasmid, assist the bacterium to gain access to the cytosol. Thereafter Shigella disseminates to neighboring cells in an ...

Gentamicin Protection Assay to Determine the Number of Intracellular Bacteria during Infection of Human TC7 Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Shigella flexneri

Authors: Atin Sharma and Andrea Puhar, date: 07/05/2019, view: 649, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Shigella flexneri is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that gains access to the gut epithelium using a specialized Type III Secretion System (T3SS). Various determinants mediating this invasive infection have been experimentally verified using the classical gentamicin protection assay presented here. In this assay epithelial cell lines ...

Fluorescence Microscopy Assay to Measure HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating Kinetics in vitro

Authors: Chantal L. Márquez, Derrick Lau, James Walsh, K. M. Rifat Faysal, Michael W. Parker, Stuart G. Turville and Till Böcking, date: 07/05/2019, view: 831, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The stability of the HIV-1 capsid and the spatiotemporal control of its disassembly, a process called uncoating, need to be finely tuned for infection to proceed. Biochemical methods for measuring capsid lattice disassembly in bulk are unable to resolve intermediates in the uncoating reaction. We have developed a single-particle fluorescence ...

In vitro Infection of Primary Human Monocytes with HIV-1

Authors: Patrick O’Connell, Yong-Hui Zheng, Andrea Amalfitano and Yasser A. Aldhamen, date: 07/05/2019, view: 585, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Monocyte infection by HIV-1 is an important component of chronic HIV pathogenesis. Following infection by HIV-1, monocytes are able to cross the blood brain barrier and set up a viral reservoir in the central nervous system. Additionally, in the setting of chronic HIV-1 infection, monocytes can become activated either directly through HIV-1 ...

Find out more

We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By using our website, you are agreeing to allow the storage of cookies on your computer.