Neuroscience

Endothelial cells in the brain interact with other cell types, forming the blood-brain barrier. This barrier controls the movement of solutes into and out of the brain, regulating pathophysiological processes and drug delivery to the brain. Common isolation methods used to study these cells during embryonic development involve enzymatic treatment

The size of the neocortex and its morphology are highly divergent across mammalian species. Several approaches have been utilized for the analysis of neocortical development and comparison among different species. In the present protocol (Note: This protocol requires basic knowledge of brain anatomy), we describe three ex vivo neocortical

Women are born with an abundant but finite pool of ovarian follicles, which naturally and progressively decreased during their reproductive years until menstrual periods stop permanently (menopause). Perimenopause represents the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive life. It is usually characterized by neuroendocrine, metabolic and

The interaction between cell surface heparan sulphate and diffusible ligands such as FGFs is of vital importance for downstream signaling, however, there are few techniques that can be used to investigate this binding event. The ligand and carbohydrate engagement (LACE) assay is a powerful tool which can be used to probe the molecular interaction

The mammalian neocortex, the outer layer of the cerebrum and most recently evolved brain region, is characterized by its unique areal and laminar organization. Distinct cortical layers and areas can be identified by the protein expression of graded transcription factors and molecular determinants that define the identity of different projection

Parkinson’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 2-3% of the population over 65 years of age. There is currently no disease-modifying treatment. One of the predominant pathological features of Parkinson’s disease is mitochondrial dysfunction, and much work has aimed to identify therapeutic compounds which can

Immunohistochemistry is a widely used technique to examine the expression and subcellular localization of proteins. This technique relies on the specificity of antibodies and requires adequate penetration of antibodies into tissues. The latter is especially challenging for thick specimens, such as embryos and other whole-mount preparations. Here