Immune cell differentiation —Immunology

An Optimized Tat/Rev Induced Limiting Dilution Assay for the Characterization of HIV-1 Latent Reservoirs

Authors: Swarnima Mishra, Yuvrajsinh Gohil, Kavita Mehta, Anish D'silva, Afzal Amanullah, Deepak Selvam, Neelam Pargain, Narendra Nala, G. N. Sanjeeva and Udaykumar Ranga, date: 04/20/2022, view: 498, Q&A: 0

[Abstract]

The administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to a rapid reduction in plasma viral load in HIV-1 seropositive subjects. However, when ART is suspended, the virus rebounds due to the presence of a latent viral reservoir. Several techniques have been developed to characterize this latent viral reservoir. Of the various assay formats

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Efficient Method to Differentiate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Macrophages in vitro

Authors: Qimin Hai, Juying Han, Sophia Wells and Jonathan D. Smith, date: 02/05/2022, view: 1463, Q&A: 0

[Abstract]

Macrophages are key cells in the innate immune system and play a role in a variety of diseases. However, macrophages are terminally differentiated and difficult to manipulate genetically via transfection or through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. To overcome this limitation, we provide a simplified protocol for the generation of mouse embryonic stem

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Suppression of Human Dendritic Cells by Regulatory T Cells

Authors: Qing Huang, Avery J. Lam, Dominic A. Boardman, Nicholas A. J. Dawson and Megan K. Levings, date: 11/05/2021, view: 1673, Q&A: 0

[Abstract]

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses via a variety of mechanisms and can be used as a cellular therapy to induce tolerance. The function of Tregs is commonly assessed in vitro using assays that measure suppression of effector T cell proliferation and/or cytokine production. However, Tregs can also suppress the function of antigen

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In vitro Differentiation of Thymic T_reg Cell Progenitors to Mature Thymic T_reg Cells

Authors: David L. Owen and Michael A. Farrar, date: 08/20/2019, view: 3047, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Thymic T_reg cell differentiation occurs via a two-step process. Step one generates T_reg cell progenitors (T_regP) and is driven by strong TCR interactions with antigens presented in the thymus. Step two is initiated by activation of STAT5 via IL-2, or IL-15, leading to mature T_reg cells capable of ...

Induced Germinal Center B Cell Culture System

Authors: Kei Haniuda and Daisuke Kitamura, date: 02/20/2019, view: 10586, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The germinal center (GC) is the site where B cells undergo clonal expansion, affinity-based selection, and differentiation into memory B cells or plasma cells. It has been difficult to elucidate regulatory mechanisms for the dynamic GC B cell maturation and differentiation, partly because experimental manipulation of GC B cells in vivo ...

Ultrasound Guided Intra-thymic Injection to Track Recent Thymic Emigrants and Investigate T Cell Development

Authors: Haiguang Wang, David L. Owen, Lily J. Qian, Laura B. Chopp, Michael A. Farrar and Kristin A. Hogquist, date: 12/05/2018, view: 3724, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] To track recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) or study T cell development in the thymus, intra-thymic injection of a cellular tag or precursor cells for various T cell lineages is often desired. However, the traditional surgical approach to expose the thymus for intra-thymic injection is time-consuming and can cause a high level of pain and stress to ...

High Dimensional Functionomic Analysis of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells at a Single Cell Level

Authors: Thomas Luh, Kimberly Lucero, Wenji Ma, Jaeyop Lee, Yu Jerry Zhou, Yufeng Shen and Kang Liu, date: 05/20/2018, view: 6433, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The ability to conduct investigation of cellular transcription, signaling, and function at the single-cell level has opened opportunities to examine heterogeneous populations at unprecedented resolutions. Although methods have been developed to evaluate high-dimensional transcriptomic and proteomic data (relating to cellular mRNA and protein), ...

Generation of Busulfan Chimeric Mice for the Analysis of T Cell Population Dynamics

Authors: Thea Hogan, Andrew Yates and Benedict Seddon, date: 12/20/2017, view: 8791, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] This protocol was developed to generate chimeric mice in which T lymphocytes could be stratified by age on the basis of congenic marker expression. The conditioning drug busulfan is used to ablate host haematopoietic stem cells while leaving the peripheral immune system intact. Busulfan treatment is followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT), ...

In vitro Homeostatic Proliferation of Human CD8 T Cells

Authors: Hossam A. Abdelsamed, Caitlin C. Zebley and Ben Youngblood, date: 11/20/2017, view: 9506, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Long-lived T-cell–mediated immunity requires persistence of memory T cells in an antigen-free environment while also maintaining a heightened capacity to recall effector functions. Such antigen-independent homeostatic proliferation is mediated in part by the common gamma-chain cytokines IL-7 and IL-15. To further explore the mechanisms governing ...

Differentiation of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells from Murine Bone Marrow and Their Co-culture with Splenic Dendritic Cells

Authors: Giada Mondanelli and Claudia Volpi, date: 09/20/2017, view: 9824, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) possess the ability to suppress the immune response, and to amplify the regulatory properties of other immune cells, i.e., dendritic cells. Here we describe a protocol in which MDSCs were differentiated from murine bone marrow cells, and CD11c⁺ dendritic cells were purified from murine ...

Immunology

ATAC-Seq of a Single Myofiber from Mus musculus

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