RAW264.7 cell culture with pamidronate treatment

RAW 264.7 cells, an immortalized murine macrophage cell line (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), were cultured as previously described (Yoon et al., 2018b). About 70% confluent RAW 264.7 cells grown on Petri dish surfaces were treated with 6.5 μm disodium pamidronate (similar to the therapeutic dose, 1.5 mg/kg) (Sigma, Chicago, IL, USA) for 12, 24, or 48 h; control cells were treated with 1 mL of normal saline. Cultured cells were harvested with protein lysis buffer (PRO-PREP™; iNtRON Biotechnology INC., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) and immediately preserved at −70 °C until required.