The immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 and RCC cell lines ACHN, A498, CAKI-1, OSRC-2, and 786-O cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). All cells were maintained in DMEM (Gibco, USA) that contains 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco) in a 37°C humidified environment filled with 5% CO2.
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