To determine ethanol concentrations in the culture media, the cultures were sampled and centrifuged for 5 minutes. The supernatant was frozen and kept at −20¼C until subsequent analysis. Ethanol quantification was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography, using a refractive index detector IOTA2 from Gilson and a carbohydrate H+ column (SS-100, H+, 8μm, Hypersil), maintained at 54¼C. A solution of H2SO4 (0.0025 M) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min.
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