The level 3 gene expression profile of 371 HCC tissues and 50 non-cancerous tissues and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal (https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/organization/ccg/research/structural-genomics/tcga). The study was performed in accordance with the publication guidelines of TCGA. As the data were obtained from TCGA, no ethics committee approval was further needed. GSEA was performed with GSEA 4.0.3 (https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/index.jsp) in KEGG gene sets.
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